GIS-AHP-Based Land Suitability Analysis for Abaca (Musa textilis) Production in Sorsogon, Philippines

Abstract

Historically, Sorsogon has been among the top Abaca producers in the country, but production has recently declined, necessitating a multi-sectoral approach to optimize current production. In the context of land and crop suitability, this study assessed the capability of Sorsogon’s agricultural areas to sustain and maximize Abaca production. A suitability map was developed using the BSWM nomenclature (S1 – highly suitable; S2 – moderately suitable; S3 – marginally suitable; and Not Suitable) and informed by a literature review, expert opinion, and multi-criteria analysis. AHP and GIS were used to produce a weighted suitability map that considered soils, topography, climate, vegetation, and economic and social factors. Economic, social, and soil aspects received weights of 27, 25, and 24 points, respectively, all significantly affecting area suitability. Given government support in the province and favorable environmental factors, about 69.06% of the 188,614 ha study area is classified as moderately to highly suitable (S1 = 42.85%; S2 = 26.21%). Areas classified as marginally unsuitable are characterized by sand and clay soils and steep slopes of 50% or more. Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, the production's environmental, biological, and technological aspects were accounted for, and Sorsogon was found to be an ideal area for Abaca production, corroborating the government’s intended land use for the area.